Estimation of Markov Chain via Rank-constrained Likelihood
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This paper studies the recovery and state compression of low-rank Markov chains from empirical trajectories. We propose a non-convex estimator based on rank-constrained likelihood maximization. Statistical upper bounds are provided for the Kullback-Leiber divergence and the ℓ_2 risk between the estimator and the true transition matrix. The estimator reveals a compressed state space of the Markov chain. We also develop a novel DC (difference of convex function) programming algorithm to tackle the rank-constrained non-smooth optimization problem. Convergence results are established. Experiments with taxi trip data show that the estimator is able to identify the zoning of Manhattan city.
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