Scalable Experimental Bounds for Entangled Quantum State Fidelities
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Estimating the state preparation fidelity of highly entangled states on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices is an important task for benchmarking and application considerations. Unfortunately, exact fidelity measurements quickly become prohibitively expensive, as they scale exponentially as O(3^N) for N-qubit states, using full state tomography with measurements in all Pauli bases combinations. However, it is known [Somma et.al. 2006] that the complexity can be drastically reduced when looking at fidelity lower bounds for states that exhibit symmetries, such as Dicke States and GHZ States. For larger states, these bounds have so far not been tight enough to provide reasonable estimations on today's (2022) NISQ devices. In this work, for the first time and more than 15 years after the theoretical introduction, we report meaningful lower bounds for the state preparation fidelity of all Dicke States up to N=10 and all GHZ states up to N=20 on Quantinuum H1 ion-trap systems using efficient implementations of recently proposed scalable circuits for these states. For example, we give state preparation fidelity lower bounds of (i) 0.46 for the Dicke State |D10,5> and (ii) 0.73 for the GHZ State |G20>. These match or exceed exact fidelity records recently achieved on superconducting systems for the much smaller states |D6,3> and |G5>, respectively. Furthermore, we provide evidence that for large Dicke States |DN,N/2>, we can resort to a GHZ-based approximate state preparation to achieve better fidelity.
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