Towards Energy Efficient LPWANs through Learning-based Multi-hop Routing for the Uplink
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Low-power wide area networks (LPWANs) have been identified as one of the top emerging wireless technologies due to their autonomy and wide range of applications. Yet, the limited energy resources of battery-powered sensor nodes is a top constraint; specially when adopting single-hop topologies since nodes located far from the base station must transmit in high power levels. On this point, multi-hop routings in the uplink are starting to gain attention due to their capability of reducing the energy consumption of such nodes by enabling lower power transmissions to closer hops. Nonetheless, a priori identifying energy efficient multi-hop routings is not trivial due to the unpredictable factors affecting the communication links, and the large areas covered by LPWANs. In this paper we present a proof of concept in this regard. Specifically, we propose epsilon multi-hop (EMH), a simple reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm based on epsilon-greedy for enabling reliable and low consumption LPWAN multi-hop topologies. Results from a real testbed show that multi-hop topologies based on EMH achieve significant energy savings with respect to the default single-hop, which are accentuated as the network operation progresses.
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