Variability-Aware Training and Self-Tuning of Highly Quantized DNNs for Analog PIM
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DNNs deployed on analog processing in memory (PIM) architectures are subject to fabrication-time variability. We developed a new joint variability- and quantization-aware DNN training algorithm for highly quantized analog PIM-based models that is significantly more effective than prior work. It outperforms variability-oblivious and post-training quantized models on multiple computer vision datasets/models. For low-bitwidth models and high variation, the gain in accuracy is up to 35.7 We demonstrate that, under a realistic pattern of within- and between-chip components of variability, training alone is unable to prevent large DNN accuracy loss (of up to 54 DNN architecture that dynamically adjusts layer-wise activations during inference and is effective in reducing accuracy loss to below 10
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